Boxer Protocol Totally Explained

Everything about The Boxer Protocol totally explained

The Boxer Protocol was an unequal treaty signed on September 7, 1901 between the Qing Empire of China and the Eight-Nation Alliance—Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States—plus Belgium, Spain and the Netherlands after China's defeat in the Boxer Rebellion at the hands of the Eight-Power Expeditionary Force.

Names

In Western countries, it was also known as the Treaty of 1901, Peace Agreement between the Great Powers and China. The full name of the protocol is: Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Netherland, Russia, Spain, United States and China —Final Protocol for the Settlement of the Disturbances of 1900, reflecting its nature as a diplomatic protocol rather than a peace treaty at the time of signature.
In China, it was known as the Xinchou Treaty. It was later regarded as one of the "Unequal Treaties".

Signatories

Prince Qing and Li Hongzhang signed the protocol on behalf of the Qing Empire, while Alfons Mumm (Freiherr von Schwarzenstein), Ernest Satow and Komura Jutaro signed on behalf of Germany, Britain and Japan respectively.

The Clauses

450 million taels of silver were to be paid as indemnity over a course of 39 years to the eight nations involved (982,238,150 taels in total with the interest). Under the exchange rates at the time, 450 million taels was equal to US$ 335 million gold dollars or £67 million.

Legation Quarters occupied by the Powers shall be considered as a special area reserved for their use under exclusive control, in which Chinese shan't have the right to reside, and which may be defensible. China recognised the right of each Power to maintain a permanent guard in the said Quarters for the defense of its Legation.

Boxer and Government officials were to be punished for crimes or attempted crimes against the foreign Governments or their nationals. Many were either sentenced to execution, deportation to Turkestan, imprisoned for life, commit suicide, or suffer posthumous degradation.

The Chinese Government was to prohibit forever, under the pain of death, membership in any anti-foreign society, civil service examinations were to be suspended for 5 years in all areas where foreigners were massacred or subjected to cruel treatment, provincial and local officials would personally be held responsible for any new anti-foreign incidents.

The Emperor of China was to convey his regrets to the German Emperor for the assassination of his Excellency the late Baron von Ketteler, German Minister.

The Emperor of China was to appoint Na't'ung to be his Envoy Extraordinary and direct him to also convey to the Emperor of Japan, his expression of regrets and that of his Government at the assassination of Mr. Sugiyama.

The Chinese Government would have to erect on the spot of the assassination of the late Baron von Ketteler a commemorative arch inscribed in Latin, German, and Chinese languages.

Concede the right to the Powers to occupy the following places:

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